SIN AND THE FALL:
MORMON AND BIBLICAL TEACHINGS CONTRASTED
When our doctrine on deity is wrong, all our other doctrines will
be wrong too, as all our beliefs stem from our understanding of
God.
The LDS God bears no resemblance whatsoever to the deity of the
Bible and Joseph Smith's doctrines are all radically anti-biblical.
For that reason Mormons do not understand sin or its implications
for what they are. So they have their own exclusive version of the
fall and the atonement.
This article
discusses both the biblical and the LDS teachings on sin and the
fall. But in order to avoid any misconceptions in bridging the gap
between what the Bible teaches and what Mormons have been led to
believe, we'll need to start right at the beginning.
THE BIBLICAL DEFINITION OF SIN
Because we were made in the image of a pure and holy God, when we
live the way He created us to live we glorify Him. But when we miss
that mark we dishonour Him. All unrighteousness, disobedience,
transgressions of the law and even not doing what we ought to do
is sin, because it opposes what God stands for. But sin goes even
further than that. As the Lord Jesus explained, entertaining or
harbouring bad attitudes, evil thoughts, or wrong ideas in our
hearts is also sin because it affects and influences our judgment,
motives, and actions:
A good man out of the good treasure of his heart bringeth forth that
which is good; and an evil man out of the evil treasure of his heart
bringeth forth that which is evil: for of the abundance of the heart
his mouth speaketh. (Luke 6:45, KJV)
For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries,
fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: These are the
things which defile a man ... (Matthew 15:19-20, KJV)
Then too, sin amounts to much more than wrong thoughts or actions.
It's a determination to please ourselves rather than to please God;
it's a rejection of His purposes for us, and it is a declaration of
independence that severs our natural bond with our Creator.
J. Sidlow Baxter puts it this way:
"Sin is not just a breaking of His law, but a wounding of His
heart."
The Bible often illustrates hard to understand concepts by using
picture language. And in the book of Genesis, it likens involvement
in sin to the eating of forbidden fruit.
Once we've eaten a substance, it passes through our digestive tracts
and is absorbed into our systems. After that there's no turning
back. It is distributed via our blood vessels, and assimilated
by every organ in our bodies. If the substance eaten was good, the
nourishment provided will contribute to our health and quality of
life. But if it contained impurities or was tainted, its effects
will be detrimental. And if it was poisonous, the consequences will
be catastrophic.
Just so, when mankind became involved in sin, its fatal influence
permeated our entire beings like an invasive poison, affecting even
our powers of reasoning. And there was no turning back. From
that moment on, instead of seeing life through the eyes of the
purity, goodness and righteousness of God, we viewed everything
through the grid of our fallen, corrupted 'selves.' Consequently we
became self-centred, biased and prejudiced; and this warped our
judgment. The lines between right and wrong became blurred and we
could no longer clearly distinguish between them. Truth became
relative. Furthermore, our motives were no longer what we imagined
them to be, because we become adept at subconsciously justifying,
promoting and protecting our 'selves.' Even our very hearts
deceived us:
The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who
can know it? (Jeremiah 17:9, KJV)
In biblical days leprosy was a fatal, wasting and infectious
disease. Lepers were compelled to leave their families, friends and
loved ones, and live in isolation. As they walked along the road
they had to ring a bell and shout out "unclean, unclean,"
to warn others not to come near them. And sin is like the disease of
leprosy in that it makes us unclean in God's sight; it is contagious,
and it contaminates everything that comes into contact with it.
But we are all as an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses are
as filthy rags; and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities,
like the wind, have taken us away. (Isaiah 64:6, KJV)
Then too, the Bible likens sin to insanity, where fallen man relates
to everything that goes on around him through the prejudiced grid of
his "self," as though he was the centre of the universe.
His "insane" attitude and actions cripple, blight and
destroy his own life, as well as the lives of others.
..... the heart of the sons of men is full of evil, and madness is
in their heart while they live ..... (Ecclesiastes 9:3, KJV)
God knows that fallen man is incapable of contributing anything
at all to his salvation. That's why compassion compelled Him to
send His Son, the Lord Jesus Christ, to pay the price for our
redemption, in our place, on the cross at Calvary.
THE FALL OF ADAM AND EVE
Every command God gives us is always for our own good, and the
negative commandment He gave Adam and Eve about not eating the
fruit of the tree of good and evil was no different. To put it
simply, God wanted them to avoid the terrible consequences that
sin always brings in its wake. He knew that once sin had entered
into their lives mankind would become a polluted, ruined and
doomed race. But instead of heeding God's warning, they chose to
believe Satan's lies.
As a consequence of their deliberate and sinful disobedience,
God cast them out of the garden of Eden. And through their fall
the whole of creation became cursed. But it didn't stop there.
Worse was to come. Mankind was never intended to die, but God
told Adam that because of his sin he'd lost his mortality. Not
only that, he would have to work by the sweat of his brow in order
to survive. Furthermore, He told Eve that her life would also
change for the worse. Childbirth would become excruciatingly
painful, and she would be subservient to her husband.
On the catastrophic day that they chose to follow Satan's
leading and disobey God, hardship, pain, suffering, heartache,
enmity, disease and death were ushered into the world.
No, sin didn't cause them to progress, as the LDS claims it did.
As they reluctantly and dejectedly walked out of the paradise
they had once called their home into a cursed earth, with the
sentence of death hanging over their heads, their lives went
downhill all the way.
THE LDS VERSION OF THE FALL OF ADAM AND EVE
(It needs to be borne in mind that not only is LDS teaching on
sin and the fall absolutely unbiblical, so is their teaching on
pre-existence and on the council in heaven who supposedly planned
the fall and salvation. These doctrines and teachings were included
as a "package," so to speak, when, twelve years after the
LDS had come into existence, Joseph Smith changed the entire LDS
doctrinal set up from one that had been similar to what the Bible
teaches, to that of unbiblical, man-centred, eternal progression.
Consequently, the main reason why Mormon doctrines are not to
be found in the Bible is not that Mormon teachings were removed
from the Bible by evil people, as is claimed, but that Joseph
Smith changed Mormon doctrines to the extent that they no longer
bore any resemblance to what the Bible teaches.)
The most peculiar reasoning the LDS exhibits concerning sin and the
fall is illustrated by Assistant to the Twelve Apostles Sterling W.
Sill, when he said, regarding Adam's fall:
"Adam fell, but he fell in the right direction. He fell
toward the goal. Adam fell, but he fell upward" (Deseret News,
Church Section, 31 July 1965, page 7).
The LDS wrongly maintains that the forbidden fruit was procreation,
and that in order to obey God's command to multiply, Adam and Eve
were forced to disobey His other command not to partake of the
forbidden fruit. They say that this was a test that God gave them,
to see whether or not they would have the wisdom to choose the right
commandment to obey. So in their eyes it was a wonderful moment when
Adam was wise enough to disobey God's command about the forbidden
fruit, because his "right" choice enabled the other spirit
beings who were waiting, to come down to earth so they too could
inhabit bodies of flesh and bone, in order to progress eternally.
"Of course for this whole plan to work, physical bodies had to
be prepared in which Heavenly Father's spirit children could dwell.
Thus, the first commandment on record is the commandment to Adam and
Eve to be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth. Mormonism
teaches this was a greater and more important commandment than the
commandment not to eat of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and
Evil" (LDS Apostle Talmage, Articles of Faith, pages 64-65).
"There was as yet neither procreation nor death. These would
enter the scheme of things only after the fall. Adam and Eve had to
break the lesser commandment, and incur the Fall, in order to
fulfill the greater commandment." (LDS Apostle McConkie, A New
Witness for the Articles of Faith, pages 84, 91).
However, the biblical God is not devious. He is pure, holy,
righteous and true. The Bible tells us that He is light, and that in
Him there is no darkness at all (1 John 1:5). He would never ever
plan for anyone to have to progress through disobedience or sin.
Besides which, because of His attribute of righteousness, the laws of
the universe that He created are moral, in that good actions benefit
us and build us up and sinful actions degrade us. The consequences
of sin are always negative or destructive, never positive or
constructive. Sin always spoils, harms, hurts, destroys and kills.
So sin or disobedience could never be the means of improving mankind
or of enabling us to progress spiritually.
Furthermore, Adam and Eve were declared husband and wife long before
they ate of the forbidden fruit. And God doesn't move His goalposts
concerning what He has declared to be sinful. Truth is eternal. It
never changes. And what God has declared to be sin will always be sin.
So if procreation between a married couple had been declared sinful
whilst Adam and Eve were living in the Garden of Eden, it would still
be a sinful act on the part of all married couples today. But that's
not what the Bible teaches. God has never ever declared procreation
between a married couple to be sinful, either before or after the
fall.
Then too, the very fact that He had commanded Adam and Eve to
multiply is proof in itself that it was not a sin. God stands for all
that is good, true and right, and He would never promote evil. So He
would never have commanded Adam and Eve, or anyone else for that
matter, to commit a sin. And to insinuate that He had done just that
is a slur on His character, a denial of His goodness and an insult
to His integrity.
If the fall had been part of God's plan for mankind, and if He had
been hoping that Adam and Eve would be clever enough to disobey His
command, then why did He punish them both so severely? Only a sadist
would have deliberately engineered things that way. Through their
version of the fall, the LDS has dragged a holy and good God of
truth and righteousness down to the level of devious, sinful
man.
The primary motivation behind all sin is pride, which manifests
itself in self-will and independence from God (the very traits that
caused Satan to rebel against Him). The truth of the matter is that
the bait Satan used when he tempted Adam and Eve to follow his ways
rather than God's, was that if they disobeyed God and took control
of their own lives, they would become like God. He was enticing them
to join him in his own ambitious plan, which was to raise himself
above the throne of God (Isaiah 14:13-14). And Joseph Smith
perpetuated Satan's lie to the full. He actually taught the LDS that
because of Adam's act of disobedience, mankind can be enabled to
progress to godhood. Furthermore, they celebrate the fall of Adam
and Eve in a temple ceremony, with Satan playing a prominent role as
though he was a hero for having engineered the situation so that
they did the "right" thing and disobeyed God.
This is what LDS scriptures say about the jubilation of Adam and Eve
immediately after the fall:
"And in that day Adam blessed God and was filled, and began to
prophesy concerning all the families of the earth, saying: Blessed
be the name of God, for because of my transgression my eyes are
opened, and in this life I shall have joy and again in the flesh I
shall see God. And Eve, his wife, heard all these things and was
glad, saying: Were it not for our transgression we should never have
had seed, and we should never have known good and evil, and the joy
of our redemption, and the eternal life which God giveth unto all
the obedient." (Moses 5:10) (Italics inserted by the
writer.)
This verse is contradictory in that it treats
transgressing God's commandment and obedience as being one and the
same thing. It also insinuates that God is someone who promotes and
rewards disobedience. Moreover, the Mormon version of the fall
portrays God as being someone who takes a sadistic delight in
deliberately giving us conflicting commands so that we will be
forced to disobey Him, one way or the other.
Contrary to what the LDS Book of Moses says, Adam and Eve knew full
well that what they had done was wrong. That's why they both tried
to put the blame for their disobedience on to someone else.
Furthermore, the Bible tells us that rather than feeling godlike as
Satan had said they would, they felt guilty, ashamed and fearful
(Genesis 3). They realized with hindsight that they had made a
massive mistake in disobeying God. So they desperately tried to
hide from the One they had wronged, dishonoured and disobeyed. And as
a consequence of their sin they became alienated from and lost their
fellowship with their Creator, the human race became a fallen people,
and the whole of creation became cursed.
But Mormons celebrate the fall of the human race.
THE LDS JUSTIFIES SIN
Because Mormons don't fully understand sin or its implications they
tend to justify it. LDS Apostle Joseph Fielding Smith wrote:
"I never speak of the part Eve took in this fall as a sin, nor
do I accuse Adam of a sin ...... This was a transgression of the
law, but not a sin in the strict sense, for it was something that
Adam and Eve had to do!" (Doctrines of Salvation, volume 1,
pages 114, 115)
"The fall of Adam and Eve was not a sin but an essential act
upon which mortality depends" (Answers to Gospel Questions,
Volume 5, page 15).
But if Adam and Eve did not actually sin, why were they cursed
with death?
For the wages of sin is death ..... (Romans 6:23, KJV).
THE BIBLE TEACHES THAT FALLEN MAN IS BORN A SINNER
The Bible teaches that the whole of the human race has inherited
a sin bias, due to the fall. But LDS Apostle James Talmage opposes
that teaching:
"Divine justice forbids that we be accounted sinners solely
because our parents transgressed" (Articles of Faith, page 475).
However, we are not accounted sinners merely because our parents
transgressed. We sin because we have inherited fallen natures, and
we are accounted sinners because we sin.
Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by
sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned
(Romans 5:12, KJV).
For all have sinned and come short of the glory of God (Romans
3:23, KJV)
If we say that we have not sinned, we make Him a liar, and His word
is not in us. (1 John 1:10, KJV)
The LDS also maintains that children are born sinless. But their
teaching in this regard is proved wrong by the undeniable fact that
all babies are born self-centred. Furthermore, as they grow into
childhood it soon becomes obvious that they are naturally inclined
to be selfish, willful, dishonest and disobedient. They have to be
disciplined not to be that way. And this is an uphill battle.
Another LDS misconception is that by nature man is inclined to
righteousness:
"It is fully proved in all the revelations that God has given
to mankind that they naturally love and admire righteousness,
justice and truth more than they do evil. It is, however,
universally received by professors of religion as a Scriptural
doctrine that man is naturally opposed to God. It is not so."
(Journal of Discourses 9:305)
Regarding the above, the writer has personally never ever seen a
single revelation of God that intimates that mankind is naturally
inclined to righteousness. On the contrary, the Bible is full of
God's revelations that tell us not only that man is an incorrigible
sinner, but that he was born that way. Nowhere does the Bible teach
that man is naturally good. This is purely an LDS idea.
As far as the LDS denial that man is naturally opposed to God is
concerned, the Bible reveals that fallen man is born
self-centred, not God-centred. He sees and reacts to
everything in life through the grid of his corrupted
"self," as though he was the kingpin of the universe,
which is the place that by rights belongs to God alone. In other
words fallen man usurps God by denying Him His sovereign right to
be central and supreme. And because of his fallenness, even if he
wants to, man finds it impossible to remove himself from that
central, dominant, position in his life.
The only man in the entire world who was selfless and who lived a
completely God-centred life, was the Lord Jesus Christ. And there
was a reason for that. He didn't inherit a fallen nature,
because he was miraculously conceived by a virgin through the
power of the Holy Spirit. And that is exactly why Mary's
conception had to be that way. It was a divine, miraculous event,
where Christ's embryo was supernaturally formed inside Mary's
womb, bypassing the use of her ova, which contained her genes.
Mary was only Christ's surrogate mother, not His biological
mother (as the LDS so very wrongly teaches she was).
This is why when Christ was unjustly treated, maligned, insulted,
falsely accused, and so on, he never ever responded as a fallen
man would have done, with self-centred displays such as anger,
hurt feelings, resentment, sulking, bitterness, bad attitudes,
threats or thoughts of revenge, and so on. The only time He
showed anger was when it was righteous to do so, i.e. when the
courts of the temple, that were supposed to have been set aside
for prayer and worship, were being used for commercial purposes,
and so on. He lived to do the will of God alone, and his life was
totally God-centred.
Contrary to LDS teaching that man is by nature inclined to
righteousness, the Bible tells us that at one stage God became
so fed up with the human race because of their evil bent that He
wiped out the then entire population of the world, except for
Noah and his family. Listen to how He described fallen mankind's
natural inclination to sin:
And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and
that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil
continually. And it repented the Lord that he had made man on the
earth, and it grieved him at his heart. And the Lord said, I will
destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth; both
man, and beast, and the creeping thing, and the fowls of the air;
for it repenteth me that I have made them. But Noah found grace
in the eyes of the Lord. (Genesis 6:5-8, KJV)
But that wasn't the solution, because in no time at all Noah himself
was overcome by sin, as were his sons (Genesis 9:20-25).
When one reads how many times God had declared fallen man to have a
corrupt heart throughout the Bible, it is difficult to understand
where the LDS gets the idea that mankind is basically good. Another
example of God declaring mankind to be basically corrupt happened
directly after the flood. When dry land first appeared, Noah built
an altar and offered a sacrifice, whereupon God pronounced that
although man's heart is evil from his youth, this would never again
cause him to destroy the entire population of the earth:
And Noah builded an altar unto the Lord; and took of every clean
beast, and of every clean fowl, and offered burnt offerings on the
altar. And the Lord smelled a sweet savour; and the Lord said in his
heart, I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake;
for the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth;
neither will I again smite any more every thing living, as I have
done. (Genesis 8:20-21, KJV) (Italics inserted by writer.)
When we look at the violence, corruption, immorality and perversion
that fills the world today, it becomes obvious that mankind hasn't
changed at all. We've just become more clever and sophisticated,
and more perverted too, at doing what is sinful. The awful truth of
the matter is that if the sinful bent in man was not restrained,
chaos would reign supreme. Our overflowing prison cells and choked
up law courts are a testimony to this fact.
And if we were honest with ourselves, we would have to admit that we
too would be capable of these self-same evil deeds if the
circumstances were right and we were sufficiently tempted or provoked
or had reached the relevant stage of desperation. That's why in John
8:3-9, when they confronted the Lord Jesus with a woman who had been
caught in the act of adultery, His response was to invite anyone who
was without sin to cast the first stone at her. These were religious
people, who worshipped God and lived according the very strict laws
and ordinances of Judaism, yet they all walked away, one by one, as
their consciences smote them.
BIBLICAL TEACHING ON SIN
The biblical teaching is that we are all born with an inherited
sinful bias in our natures, due to the fall of our ancestor, Adam:
I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me.
(Psalm 51:5, KJV)
..... the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth
Genesis 8:21, KJV)
..... the hearts of the sons of men are full of evil, and
insanity is in their hearts throughout their lives (Ecclesiastes
9:3, KJV)
The Lord looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to
see if there were any that did understand, and seek God. They
are all gone aside, they are all together become filthy: there
is none that doeth good [continually], no, not one. (Psalm
14:2-3, KJV)
If they sin against thee, (for there is no man that sinneth
not,) ...... (1 Kings 8:46, KJV)
For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good and
sinneth not. (Ecclesiastes 7:20, KJV)
Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin?
(Proverbs 20:9, KJV)
If we say that we have not sinned, we make Him a liar and His word
is not in us. (1 John 1:10, KJV)
Until we become convinced of our helpless state of sinfulness that
has come about because of the fall, we will never reach the place
of humility where we are not only prepared, but eager, to fully
and completely surrender ourselves to Christ for salvation. This
involves abdicating faith in ourselves and our own abilities, and
transferring that faith to Christ instead. But in order to be able
to do this, we need to understand, without a shadow of a doubt,
that there is nothing good in us and that without Christ we are
doomed. In other words, our pride needs to be broken. (Pride is
the basis of all sin.)
SIN FORMS A BARRIER BETWEEN US AND GOD
Sin is the cause of all the injustice, lawlessness, cruelty,
violence, immorality, perversion and heart-rending suffering that
we see in the world today. But its most devastating consequence
is that it separates us from our Creator. How could a pure,
righteous holy and good God in whom there is no darkness condone
or tolerate sin in any form, or even associate with anyone who
does?
Can two walk together, except they be agreed? (Amos 3:3, KJV)
Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on
iniquity (Habakkuk 1:13, KJV).
But your iniquities have separated between you and your God, and
your sins have hid his face from you, that he will not hear.
(Isaiah 59:2, KJV).
SINFULNESS IS AN INNER CONDITION
Because sin is subtle, we often don't recognize it as such. For
instance, on the outside, the lives of the Pharisees looked good.
They were the authorities on righteous living and set an example by
obeying their religious laws, tithing on everything they possessed,
giving to the poor, attending all the religious services, fasting
and praying, and so on. But Jesus explained that it was our hearts
that mattered, not just our external actions. He said that on the
outside the Pharisees were like a beautiful, sparkling, clean cup,
but that on the inside they were tainted with sin; corrupt and
putrid, like a rotting corpse (Matthew 23:27-28).
And we're no different. We've learned to be good
hypocrites. We're nice, congenial and civilized on the outside, but
all the while our hearts and thought life are filled with things
that should not be there. And our motives are often wrong. In many
instances the real, deeply hidden reason behind our actions is that
we want others to have a good impression of us (the sin of
pride/self-worship). And not only do we fool them, but we also pull
the wool over own eyes. We wrongly imagine that our motives are
always pure, because we've become adept at justifying, nurturing and
protecting our "self". As Pogo so rightly said, "We
have met the enemy, and he is us."
SIN HAS CONSEQUENCES
Just as there is a law of gravity that decrees that everything we
drop will fall downwards and not upwards, so there is also a moral
law that decrees that our actions are always followed by
consequences.
Some people insist that their sin doesn't hurt anyone. But they're
wrong. Sin doesn't only affect the guilty parties. Our actions,
whether good or bad, have a ripple effect that touches the lives
of a great many others. And all too often innocent folk are
negatively influenced, discouraged, hurt, or even have their
lives ruined, because of our sinful actions. The problem is that
because of our self-centred way of reasoning, we're seldom aware of
the terrible effect our actions and/or attitudes have on others.
GOD IS GOING TO JUDGE SIN
J. Sidlow Baxter comments as follows:
"It is inconceivable that the all-holy God should govern His
universe with even the slightest moral laxity. If the principles of
absolute righteousness were not strictly upheld, there could be no
true heaven; the universe would become a moral chaos, if not an
inferno. The very safety of the universe depends upon the inflexible
righteousness of the divine administration. Sin, whether in Satan
and his angel-confederates, or in the human race, is not only moral
leprosy, it is ugly enmity against Him who is pure light and
love." (Page 91, "Awake My Heart," by J. Sidlow
Baxter)
God has decreed that there will be no sin in heaven. Otherwise it
wouldn't be heaven, would it? He has set aside a day when He will
judge sin and consign every trace of it to hell. With this in mind
He made a colossal sacrifice to provide a way for fallen man to
escape that judgment and to eventually become conformed once again
to His moral likeness. Those who scorn His infinite sacrifice will
bring the judgment of hell down upon themselves.
Sadly, because of LDS indoctrination, Mormons have been
conditioned to believe Joseph Smith's claim that, in spite of
everything that the Bible teaches to the contrary; they need to,
and are able to earn the right to the forgiveness of their own
personal sins through obedience to the laws and ordinances of
their church organization (plus righteous living). But firstly this
scorns the way of salvation that God has provided for us at such a
colossal cost, through Christ. And secondly, if it was possible
for us to earn our own forgiveness, why then does the Bible
teach that Christ died to earn the forgiveness for our sins on the
cross? (1 Peter 2:24)
Furthermore, Mormon teaching on the three degrees of glory is
unbiblical and originated purely in the imagination of Joseph Smith.
The Bible teaches that there are only two destinations after death,
heaven or hell. And so it's no good Mormons consoling themselves with
the LDS claim that if they don't make it to the highest degree of
glory, they'll still be okay because even the second and third
degrees of glory are more wonderful than anything we could ever
imagine. The three degrees of glory is the teaching of a proven
false prophet whose aim was to deceive you and lead you astray.
I am asking Mormons to carefully consider what is written in this
article, bearing in mind that the Bible has been proved over and
over again to be truthful and reliable both historically and
archaeologically. Conversely, nothing out of all the massive
amount of evidence that is still being unearthed today, has ever
proved anything in the biblical record to be wrong. On the other
hand, no proof has ever been found anywhere, to back up any
Mormon teachings or scriptures. The Bible contradicts them
all. And where we do have available evidence, such as in
the case of the Egyptian papyri from which Joseph Smith
"translated" the book of Abraham, reputable scholars
all agree that his translation is fraudulent. (See the article
on the Book of Abraham.)
I pray that God will open your eyes to the truth, so that you
can turn your back on deception and be set free to experience
the wonder and the joy of truly knowing Him through His gift of
salvation in the biblical Jesus Christ, our Lord.
You are invited to write to this site if you have any queries,
or if you need to share any problems you may have. The email
address is:
reply@bibtruth.com
Copyright 2007 by Mormonism and Biblical Truth. All rights reserved.